نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1388)

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the RB51 Brucella abortus vaccine for immunization of mature and pregnant cattle against the brucellosis and shedding of vaccine strain after inoculation of RB51. Full dose vaccine contains 10 - 34×109 CB particles in milking cows. 43 cattle were selected that in the background of the heard, brucellosis diseases was recorded. The cattle were vaccinated against brucellosis by above mentioned dose of vaccine. 11 head out of 40 milking cows were pregnant between 2 - 6 month. All the cattle were proved negative (Unless 3 cows) in the serological tests and milk samples cultured in special culture media before vaccination. The positive cattle were slaughtered. All of the selected cattle received 10-34 × 10 9 (c. f. u) particles subcutaneously. The vaccinated cows had permanently surveyed and any effects followed by vaccination were recorded. Water consumption and swelling were normal and any changes didn't observe in the output rates of milking in cows. The pregnant cows had the normal situation and abortion didn't occur. Milk samples were taken weekly during the study and microbiological tests culture were executed in order to finding the shedding of vaccine strain. All the results were proven negative up to 8 weeks. In conclusion, not only undesirable side effects due to inoculation of RB51 strain vaccine were recorded, but no shedding of bacteria was proven.

The genus Malssezia consist of lipophilic yeasts are known to be as component of the normal microflora of human skin, many mammals and brids. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Malassezia spp. On the domestic animals skin in the Tonekabon city and identifing them according to animals’ sex, age, breed and most frequently found species. During 12 months period, from February 2008 to February 2009 sampling was carried out by stril moquet (kind of carpet) and scraping from 230(36 horses, 51 goats, 41sheep and 102 cows) animals perineum ,ear, axilla, groin and dorsum. The identification of Massezia spp after uphold by micro and macromorphology of culture was based on microscopic, biochemistry and physiological characteristics. For examples the ability to use Tweens, catalase reaction, splitting of Esculin, Growth on SGA supplement with olive oil 37 ,40 and accompaniment with morphological characteristic on SGA supplement olive oil, as described by Guillot Mayser and Gueho(1996). Out of 113 animal(49.13%) have positive culture of malassezia spp, Malassezia spp. were isolated from 19 of horses(16.81%), 12 of sheep(10.69%), 23 of goats(20.35%)and 59 of cows(52.21%). Among the results obtained, the most frequently isolated species was M. furfur with 31 cases (27.43%) followed by were M. globosa 12 case(23.9%) , M. pachydermatis 15case(13.27%), M. obtusa 12 case(10.61%), M. restricta 11 case(9.73%), M. slooffiae 11 case(9.73%) and M.sympodialis 6 case (5.3%). To the authors' knowledge, in this survey significance correlation were observed between the animals age and breed with prevalence malassezia, whereas significance correlation was not existed between animals sex and prevalence of malassezia.

Vibrio spp are the most important bacterial pathogens of shrimp. Vibrio spp are aquatic bacteria that are widely distributed in fresh water, estuarine and marine environments. In this paper the effects of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria on mortality rate of 75-day old Litopenaeus vannamei post larvaes were studied. Pathogenicity experiments were done by 30-minute bath method and with 108 and 109 cell/ml concentrations of the two strains of bacteria under optimal circumstance. No significant mortality was seen in the studied concentrations of V.alginolyticus in shrimp population. In V.harveyi challenge at 109 cell/ml concentration significant mortality (61.9%) of shrimp population was seen and the bacterium was isolated from 76.8% of the cases. Histopathological lesions in diseased shrimps in challenge with V. harveyi were dominantly necrosis and sloughing of hepatopancratic epithelial cells, deterioration of acinar structure of tubules, haemocyte infiltration in sinusoidal spaces of hepatopancreas. Tissue debris in tubules and in rare cases melanin aggregation around the necrotic cells was also seen. Focal necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells in intestine tissue were seen in 28% of diseased shrimps. Population percentage of large granular haemocytes (LGC) and semi granular haemocytes (SGC) in diseased shrimps were decreased significantly in comparison with the control group and population percentage of hyaline cells were increased significantly (p≤0.05). Results of this surevey can help histopathological recognition of vibriosis disease in shrimp.

Precise comparisons of mammalian gene maps require loci as landmarks for conserved chromosomal segments. One of the conserved genes is ribosomal protein SA. In this study, a part of ribosomal protein SA to genome river buffalo was detected by cloning of RAPD fragments for the first time. Blood samples of eighty individuals from different populations of Iranian water buffalo were taken and following DNA extraction, PCR was optimized for RAPD primers. Fragments which defined stable in different samples were selected and purified. RAPD-PCR fragments were ligated into pDrive TA cloning vector and transformed into DH5α competent cells. Sequencing was performed and edited, and then they were analyzed by NCBI-BLASTN program. BLAST results showed that one of fragments which related to RP1 (5'GGGACGTCTC3') has high similarity with ribosomal protein SA gene. The sequence aligned with the same sequences of cattle, pig, horse, chimpanzee, baboon, canis familiaris, human and Rhesus monkey by Clustal W software and then phylogeny tree was constructed. Results showed that the homology of this sequence with the same sequence in cattle, pig, horse, chimpanzee, baboon, canis familiaris, human and Rhesus monkey were 93%, 61%,60%, 62%, 62%, 62%, 62%, and 60%, respectively. The GenBank accession number of this sequence is GQ452383, the results of this study extended the water buffalo's physical map.

The biological activity of probiotics is affected by various environmental factors each of which can influence the performance as well as the growth of probiotics for increasing the health of the consumers. The aim of is to investigate the effect of fructose , dose 0/5,1 ,1/5 and 2 present of the primary culture and temperature of 35 ,38 ,41 and 44 degrees centigrade on the growth and metabolism and metabolism of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 in sterilized milk ; in order to do this ,the milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 (as the culture ferment ) was used for incubating the milk sample different; incubators were used as the suitable temperatures for the growth of microorganisms. The acidity and the pH of the milk samples were measured during different hours and the total number of microbial counts were and measured at 0 , 4 and 8 h after the incubation. In order to measure the effect of fructose 0/75 % (w/v) added the milk samples, and the resulted sample , together with the control sample , was kept in incubation at 41 degree centigrade ; and then the acidity , pH of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 was measured and the total number of lactobacillus acidophilus was counted during the above mentioned periods after incubation . Every of above operations was replicate ten times ; then , utilizing statistical tests , were compared with one another during the above mentioned periods. The findings of the study indicated that the total number of bacteria and the amount of acidity in the incubated milk samples at 41 and 44 degrees centigrade were significantly greater than the other temperatures (P<0.05 ). The multiplication rate of the total hours of bacteria in samples containing 2 % of culture ferment during the fourth h of incubation was significantly greater than the other samples ( P<0.05 ); however , this difference in 8 h after the incubation was not significant. Concerning the use of prebiotic fructose, the total number of bacteria in and the acidity in the milk samples containing fructose was significantly greater than the number of control sample ( P<0.05 ). It is concluded from this study that The best alternative temperature for this purpose is an incubation temperature range of 41-44° C as well and if fructose is added to milk , there is a significant effect in enhancing the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5.

Ketoconazol is an important antifungal drug. This drug, in addition to being antifungal effect, has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormones such as sexual hormones & glucocorticoids. According to recent studies the usage of ketoconazol causes to reduce the amount of blood testosterone concentration and different changes on testis tissue in laboratory animals. The study aims at investigating ketoconazol chronic administration on histomorphometric change of testicular tissue in mice. In this study, 50 male mice were used (5 groups and 10 mice in each group). Animals were received ketoconazol (50 mg/kg body weight) daily orally administration, during 15 days, 1, 2, 3 months. The control group was taken normal saline and four groups were treated with ketokonazol. The testis tissue samples were collected and tissue processing were done and stained with H&E. Then, the histomorphometric changes of testicular tissue which include, seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thickness, interstitial tissue and testicular capsule thickness were studied. Results showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thichness and interstitial tissue thickness had not significantly changed in the 15 day, but the first, second & third months after drug administration, they had significantly changed (p<0.05) compared with control group. Our results showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thickness and interstitial tissue thickness in mice testis were changed after ketokonazol administration. This results probably obtained by reducing of serum testosterone concentration.

Nosema apis (Zander) is a microsporidian, it is a small, single celled parasite affecting honey bees. Nosema apis has spread word-wide but is not considered an important problem in tropical and sub-tropical climates. This study used 36 colony bee populations and the impact of Nosema disease on colonies in highland and low regions with regards to use of medicine and climate were studied. A brief summary of this study is: The chemical prevention against Nosematose resulted in the increase in the production of honey bee up to 18 percent in each population. Making the bees migrate leads to an increase in honey production up to 33 percent though resulting in some loss which is somewhat natural. The cold and dry weather conditions at the heights of the regions under investigation and a long period of time in producing the nectar compared with the low regions (with moderate weather and high moisture) leads to a higher amount of production (up to 60 percent). The existing difference in the production honey in the groups must be due to the genetic differences (different fathers) among workers in collection the nectar. Completely ignore the impact of drug Fumagillin Nosematose can become resistant to the Nosematose enough against the effects of this drug and long knew it, that comment reliable in this regard is the need for separate research.

In this study four zel rams, fitted with ruminal cannulas and fed at maintenance level, were arranged in a 4×4 latin square design to determine the effects of different levels of condensed and fermented whey (0, 5, 10 and 15% on DM basis) on microbial protein synthesis and protozoal population changes in the rumen. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives was determined to estimate the microbial protein synthesis. Data was analyzed by SAS software. Then, ruminal holotrich and total protozoa were counted 6 times after morning feeding. The results of this experiment indicated that microbial protein synthesis and excretion of purine derivatives were affected by treatments and tended to decrease as condensed and fermented whey level increased to 10 and 15 % in the diet. Rumen protozoa population not only was not affected negatively by adding condensed and fermented whey in diet, but also sometimes tended to increase.

Sarcocytosis is zoo tic disease with sarcocystis as its causative agent. This parasite, with its two hosts (intermediate and definitive), contains two stages in life cycle which are sexual stage and asexual stage. This disease has been reported in most parts of the world. In this survey, 74 out of 102 chopped buffalo meat samples which were examined with digestive methodology proved positive. The sccount for a 72/54% of them were infected with sarcocystis infestation. 61out of 102 chopped cattle meat samples examined with digestive methodology were positive which sccount for a 56/92% sarcocystis infestation. also, all of the samples with positive bradyzoites were quite apparent.

One of the primary principles in surgery is suitable and safe anesthesia with minimum side effects. Many drugs are used for this purpose. Propofol is a suitable drug for anesthesia in dogs. This drug, of course, can have effects on some of body parameters, the matter that should be controlled according to the sick subject. In this study, 10 male mixed adult dogs with about 20- 25kg weight were selected. The miteral valve of the dogs was surveyed by ultrasonography machine and their M-mode miteral value echocardiogram was registered. Then the distance of E point to the wall between ventricles was measured. After preparation of M-mode miteral value echocardiography, the animals were anaesthetized by propofol with suggestive dose of 6 mg/kg through vein. M-mode echocardiography changes of miteral valve booked immediately after venous injection until the animal regained its consciousness. Then recorded changes of echocardiograms at especial times were transformed into computer pictures. Also the distance of E point to the septum in the same way was measured. Changes in the distance of E point to septum of M-mode valve echocardiography after and before injection were compared. In this study, the mean of distance in control animal was 5.36 0.23 millimeters and the mean of distance in anaesthetized animals was 6.00 0.20 millimeters which showed significant difference between them (P<0.05). And also this study indicated that Propofol can affect this distance.